While timber has much better insulating properties than concrete block, the usual timber linings (12 mm thick) will not create a dramatic improvement on their own. One way to insulate the block wall is to build the wall out with timber strips and then insulate between them. Standard 90 x 35 studs fitted on flat, or ripped in half to give you 2/45 x 35, will give you a 35 mm or 45 mm deep space, into which you can cut and fit foam insulation panels.

Generally we recommend decking oil because this type of finish is easy to maintain. Very little surface preparation is needed before re-coating. We haven't tested any decking oils, but the major brands should give satisfactory service. Many don't have any specific non-slip qualities, but if slipperiness is likely to be a problem, non-slip deck finishes are available. You will find them if you write the key words 'slip resistant decking oil' or similar in your browser.

NCC Specification C1.1, Clauses 3.10 and 4.3, require that where services such as pipes, ducts and electrical cables penetrate a fire-rated wall, floor or ceiling, such pen

A wind beam is usually incorporated into an external wall, as shown in the data sheet here https://ftmanews.com/wp-content/uploads/Tech-Talk-Ed.5.pdf. It sounds as if your design is using a glulam stair stringer as a wind beam. That would require careful structural design, which is beyond the scope of our service. We were also unsure about the reference to the wind beam as a 'sacrificial timber beam'.